Feynman seated, with pen in hand , and Herman Feshbach. Here was a man who obviously understood all the deep secrets of quantum mechanics, and yet made it clear that the most important questions were unanswered. His earnestness and deep involvement gave his research students the same sense of challenge. He never gave his students the easy and superficial answers but trained them to appreciate and work on the deep problems.
When Julius Oppenheimer died in , Oppenheimer became a wealthy man. In , he married Katharine Kitty Puening Harrison, a biologist and divorcee whose second husband had been killed during the Spanish Civil War.
The couple had two children, Peter and Katherine. World War II interrupted the work and lives of most American physicists. In , Oppenheimer was appointed to the Manhattan Project, code name for the project formed to develop an atomic bomb. The project involved several laboratories in secret locations across the country, including the University of Chicago; Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Oppenheimer oversaw the construction of the Los Alamos laboratory, where he gathered the best minds in physics to work on the problem of creating an atomic bomb. As Chairman of the General Advisory Committee, Oppenheimer opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb.
In the context of the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for power, Oppenheimer's stance was controversial. In the s, while Oppenheimer was Director of the Institute, anti-Communist hysteria was sweeping through Washington, D.
McCarthy and anti-Communist zealots devoted themselves to rooting out Communist spies from every walk of American life. With W. On the theory of the electron and positive. On the limitation of the theory of the positron. With C. On the scattering of Th C" gamma-rays. Are the formulae for the absorption of high energy radiation valid? Notes on the production of pairs by charged particles. The disintegration of the deuteron by impact. Note on the transmutation function for deuterons. On the elementary interpretation of showers and bursts.
With Robert Serber. The density of nuclear levels. On multiplicative showers. With G. Nordheim, L. The disintegration of high energy protons. With R. Note on the nature of cosmic ray particles. With F. Note on nuclear photo effect at high energies. Note on resonances in transmutations of light nuclei. Note on boron plus proton reactions. On the stability of stellar neutron cores. On massive neutron cores. With H. On continued gravitational contraction. On pair emission in the proton bombardment of fluorine.
In behaviour of high energy electrons in cosmic radiation by C. Montgomery and D. Montgomery; Discussion by J. Celebration of the sixtieth birthday of Albert Einstein. Science 89, The production of soft secondaries by mesotrons. On the applicability of quantum theory to mesotron collisions. On the selection rules in beta-decay. On the interaction of mesotrons and nuclei. The high energy soft component of cosmic rays.
With E. Multiple production of mesotrons by protons. The mesotron and the quantum theory of fields. In: Enrico Fermi et al. Pair theory of meson scattering. Reaction of radiation on electron scattering and Heitler's theory of radiation damping. The multiple production of mesons. With S.
Note on stimulated decay of negative mesons. Discussions on the disintegration and nuclear absorption of mesons. Remarks on j-decay. With William Arnold. Internal conversion in the photosynthetic mechanism of blue green algae. Physiology 33, Atomic explosives. Westinghouse Century Forum, pubd. The scientist in contemporary society. Princeton Univ. Bicentennial Broadcast. International control of atomic energy.
Basic Books, Inc. Science Service Wire Report. Scientific foundations for world order. Denver Univ. Functions of International Agency in Research and Development. Condensed version in Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. Multiple production of meson. Lewis-Oppenheimer-Wouthuysen, P. Notes on science and practice. Harvard University, Lawrence Science School. Some thoughts on the place of science in today's world. Smith College Lecture.
Letter to Senator McMahon. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. Discovery and application of sources of nuclear energy. Johns Hopkins Univ. Science and the common understanding, Reith Lectures.
BBC, Nov. Science and our times, Roosevelt University, pubd. The growth of science and the structure of culture. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Conf. Cosmic breakthrough and a human problem. Princeton University, Graduate College Forum. Theory versus practice in American values and performance. Science, values and the human community.
Tolman, Richard Chase article on , Encyclopaedia Britannica. The tree of knowledge. International Press Institute, pubd.
Harper's Magazine , Oct. The mystery of matter. Saturday Evening Post , pubd. Description des particles et interactions elementaires. University of Paris. Contemporary developments in the field of science. Lawrenceville Herodotus Club. In the keeping of unreason. Congress for cultural freedom , pubd. The need for new knowledge, Weaver Symposium; pubd. Some thoughts on science and politics. Woodrow Wilson School. Science, culture et expression, prospective, Nr.
Translated abbreviated version of 'In the keeping of unreason' see f. Sorrow and renewal. Speech at Congress for Cultural Freedom, Berlin: pubd. An afternoon with Professor Oppenheimer. Society of Science and Man, Tokyo. Some reflections on science and culture.
Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina. Science and culture, International House of Japan; variation of 'Reflections on science and culture' b. Secretary Stimson and the atomic bomb. Phillips Academy, Andover, pubd. Andover Bulletin. Some human problems of our scientific age. Reflections on science and culture, pubd. Freedom as an attribute of human life.
Congress for Cultural Freedom, pubd. London, History and hope. On science and culture, pubd. Encounter , Geneva Talk ; variations entitled 'Some reflections on science and culture' widely pubd. The flyer trapeze. Whidden Lectures, McMaster University , pubd. Oxford University Press.
The added cubit. National Book Awards. The scientific revolution and its effect on democratic institutions. Fund for the Republic, 10th Anniv. Communication and comprehension of scientific knowledge. National Academy of Sciences Centennial, pubd. Dawn of a new age, by E. Rabinowitch, N. Times , Review of Books. Prospects in the arts and sciences.
The fraternal dialogue. Universite de Paix, pubd. Science in the making. The 20th Anniversary of Trinity. Washington Post , Outlook Section. Foreword to 'Nature of matter—purpose of high energy physics', Current foreword, pubd. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
The symmetries of forces and states. Contribution to volume presented to V. Weisskopf, North Holland Pub. On Albert Einstein. Review , March Physics and man's understanding. Smithsonian Institution Bicentennial; reprinted as Knowledge among men. Thirty years of mesons. American Physical Society, pubd. Physics Today.
Perspectives in modern physics. Topic in volume dedicated to Hans A. The forbearance of nations. Herald Tribune Paris-Washington Post. Nuel Pharr Davis. Lawrence and Oppenheimer. New York: Simon and Schuster. Serber, V. Weisskopf, A. Pais and G. A Memorial to Oppenheimer. Published Physics Today, 20, No. David E. The journals of David E. New York: Harper and Row.
Biographic Memoirs: Volume 71 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again.
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 71 Chapter: J. Get This Book. Visit NAP. Looking for other ways to read this? No thanks. Suggested Citation: "J. Biographical Memoirs: Volume Page Share Cite. I will quote the description by Victor Weisskopf in Physics Today: 'The task facing Oppenheimer and his collaborators was stupendous. His first government appointment was in , as a mem-. The scientific community, with few exceptions, was deeply. Oppenheimer had become widely known as a principal.
On the theory of electrons and protons. Disintegration of lithium by protons. The theory of the electron and positives. Note on charge and field fluctuations. On the spin of the mesotron. Internal conversion in photosynthesis. On the internal pairs from oxygen. The turn of the screw. Book, One World or None. The atom bomb and college education.
University of Pennsylvania. The new weapon. One World or None. Atomic energy as a contemporary problem. National War College. Physics in the contemporary world. Some aspects of the problems of atomic energy. Bar Association. Physical research in the near future. Cooper Union, N. The growth of understanding of the atomic world. Princeton University. Concluding remarks to cosmic ray symposium. Statements for March of time Movies.
The atomic age. The age of science. Scientific American. The encouragement of science. Westinghouse Science Talent Search. Contemporary problems of atomic energy. The scientist in society. Princeton University Graduate Council Talk. Contributions of computers in research. IBM Seminar. Atomic weapons and American policy. Foreign Affairs. The world we live in. Life Magazine Radio Broadcast. Remarks at Pyramid Club Award. A career in science. Princeton University, Career Forum.
Comments by Robert Oppenheimer. Hiroshima Diary. Analogy in science. American Psych. Science and the good old days. Princeton Old Guard Talk. Science and public affairs. Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School. The open mind Book , pubd. Einstein article. Reviews of Modern Physics. Atomic energy for peaceful uses. Daily Princetonian. Physics tonight. American Institute of Physics. Where is science taking us? Saturday Review. Dignity of Man award. Kessler Institute. Comment for quotation in leaflet.
World Universities Service. A study of thinking. Sewanee Review of Bruner Book. The hope of order. Harvard University, James Lecture. Impossible choices, pubd. The environs of atomic power. American Assembly, Arden House. Nuclear power and international relations. Engineers and scientists.
Drexel Institute of Technology. L'Arbre de La Science. Concluding remarks. La science moderne et la raison. Societe Francaise de Philosophie. Science and the structure of culture. Rutgers University. Knowledge and the structure of culture. Vassar College. Although he majored in chemistry, Oppenheimer eventually realized his true passion was the study of physics.
In , Oppenheimer began his graduate work in physics at Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England. Thomson, who had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for detecting the electron, agreed to take on Oppenheimer as a student. Oppenheimer had the good fortune to be in Europe during a pivotal time in the world of physics, as European physicists were then developing the groundbreaking theory of quantum mechanics.
Oppenheimer received his doctorate in and accepted professorships at the University of California, Berkeley, and the California Institute of Technology.
Lawrence named his second son after Robert. After the war Oppenheimer became an advisor of the Atomic Energy Commission, lobbying for international arms control. His security clearance was revoked in in a hearing during the Second Red Scare. Oppenheimer's old Communist sympathies were dredged up and his clearance was revoked a mere 32 hours before it was set to expire.
Oppenheimer had made political enemies by arguing against the development of the hydrogen bomb, and revoking his clearance stripped him of political power. The scientific community was outraged at the treatment of Oppenheimer, and reviled Edward Teller, who testified against him at the hearing. For more information, please see Oppenheimer Security Hearing.
He continued lecturing around the world, and was awarded the Enrico Fermi Award in He died of throat cancer in Browse our collection of oral histories with workers, families, service members, and more about their experiences in the Manhattan Project. Skip to main content. Robert Oppenheimer. Early Life Oppenheimer was born on April 22, Later Years After the war Oppenheimer became an advisor of the Atomic Energy Commission, lobbying for international arms control.
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